Theoretical work has suggested an important role of lytic viruses Speaker Adapters in controlling the diversity of their prokaryotic hosts.Yet, providing strong experimental or observational support (or refutation) for this has proven evasive.Such models have usually assumed host groups to correspond to the species level, typically represented by 1
This paper presents a new two-stage multi-swarm particle swarm optimizer (TMPSO), which employs the multi-swarm method and takes two-stage different search strategies in the whole iteration process.This new optimizer includes two versions: unconstrained TMPSO (uTMPSO) and constrained TMPSO (cTMPSO) for unconstrained and constrained global optimizat
Background: Diagnostic development for outbreak pathogens has typically followed a disease-specific reactive rather than proactive response.Given the diversity of outbreak pathogens, particularly those prioritised by the World Health Organization Research and Development Blueprint, a more flexible and proactive approach to epidemic preparedness is
Research into organizations has concluded that organizational effectiveness is paradoxical, i.e., effective Surface Spray organizations have attributes that are simultaneously contradictory, even mutually exclusive.Although projects are temporary organizations, the paradox lens has largely been omitted in their context.This 1196 paper is an attempt
Neurons are highly specialized cells of the nervous system that receive, process and transmit electrical signals critical for normal brain function.Here, we review the intricate organization of axonal membrane domains that facilitate rapid action potential conduction underlying communication between complex neuronal circuits.Two critical excitable